Documentation / Content
Translations › Templates is for what every page shows around its content: the header, the footer, the menu, the site title, and the texts of the theme, such as the heading of search results.

The header, footer and menu are the same in every template, so they are translated once.
The list
Each row is a template (a kind of page), with the Kind of page, an example page it was Checked on, and any others it also shows.
A template no page shows right now (“No page shows it”) has nothing to translate until a page uses it.
Translating a template
Press Translate. The editor opens on an example page made from the template. The content of posts on that template is translated in each post’s own editor.
Block themes and classic themes
In a block theme the templates, parts and patterns are listed here. In a classic theme the texts the theme prints are found as visitors see them. Advanced Custom Fields’ fields and options pages are on this screen too, see Page builders and ACF.
Permissions
Only people who may edit the design of the site can translate its templates.